Get ready to elevate your dinner game with these 20 delicious veal parmesan recipes! Whether you’re a seasoned chef or a culinary newcomer, we’ve got you covered with a wide range of creative and mouthwatering takes on this classic Italian-American dish. From crispy panko breading to rich and creamy sauces, each recipe is carefully crafted to showcase the tender and flavorful goodness of veal.
In this article, we’ll explore everything from traditional veal parmesan with melted mozzarella to innovative twists like spicy Calabrian peppers and roasted garlic sauce. Plus, we’ll provide variations for every occasion, from casual weeknight dinners to special celebrations and even game-day gatherings. Whether you’re a meat-and-potatoes kind of person or a foodie looking to spice things up, there’s something on this list for everyone.
Stay tuned as we dive into the wonderful world of veal parmesan and discover the perfect recipe to satisfy your cravings!
Classic Veal Parmesan with Mozzarella
This beloved dish is a staple of Italian-American cuisine, featuring tender veal cutlets breaded and fried to perfection, topped with melted mozzarella cheese and marinara sauce.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 1/4 pound each)
– 1 cup all-purpose flour
– 1 teaspoon paprika
– 1/2 teaspoon salt
– 1/4 teaspoon black pepper
– 2 eggs, beaten
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1 cup marinara sauce
– 8 ounces fresh mozzarella cheese, sliced
– Fresh basil leaves, chopped (optional)
Instructions:
1. Prepare the breading station by placing flour, paprika, salt, and pepper in a shallow dish.
2. Dip each veal cutlet into the flour mixture, then eggs, and finally breadcrumbs, shaking off excess.
3. Heat about 1/2 inch of vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
4. Fry the breaded veal cutlets for 2-3 minutes per side, or until golden brown.
5. Transfer the veal to a baking dish, spoon marinara sauce on top, and sprinkle with mozzarella cheese.
6. Bake at 400°F (200°C) for about 10-12 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and bubbly.
Cooking Time: Approximately 15-18 minutes
Crispy Panko Veal Parmesan
Elevate the traditional veal parmesan by coating thinly sliced veal cutlets with crispy panko breadcrumbs, served with a rich tomato sauce and melted mozzarella cheese.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 1/4 inch thick)
– 1 cup panko breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, lightly beaten
– 1 cup tomato sauce
– 8 oz mozzarella cheese, shredded
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh basil leaves for garnish
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C).
2. Dip each veal cutlet in the beaten egg and then coat with panko breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
3. Heat about 1/4 inch of olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Fry the breaded veal cutlets until golden brown, about 2-3 minutes per side.
4. Transfer the veal to a baking dish and spoon tomato sauce over each cutlet.
5. Top with shredded mozzarella cheese and bake for 10-12 minutes or until the cheese is melted and bubbly.
6. Serve hot, garnished with fresh basil leaves.
Cooking Time: 20-22 minutes
Veal Parmesan with Homemade Marinara
This recipe combines tender veal cutlets with a rich homemade marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese, all served over crispy breadcrumbs. A timeless Italian-American favorite that’s sure to please.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets
– 1 cup all-purpose flour
– 1 egg
– 1 cup breadcrumbs (Panko or regular)
– 2 cups homemade marinara sauce (recipe below)
– 8 oz mozzarella cheese, shredded
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Olive oil for frying
Homemade Marinara Sauce:
– 2 cups crushed San Marzano tomatoes
– 1/4 cup olive oil
– 4 cloves garlic, minced
– 1 tsp dried oregano
– 1 tsp dried basil
– Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
1. Prepare the marinara sauce by combining all ingredients in a bowl; let it sit for at least 30 minutes.
2. Season veal cutlets with salt and pepper.
3. Dredge veal in flour, shaking off excess.
4. Dip floured veal in beaten egg, then coat in breadcrumbs.
5. Heat about 1/4 inch of olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat.
6. Fry breaded veal for 2-3 minutes on each side, or until golden brown.
7. Serve fried veal with marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese.
Cooking Time: About 15-20 minutes.
Baked Veal Parmesan with Fresh Basil
Elevate your veal game with this easy-to-make, flavorful dish that combines the tender meat with crispy prosciutto and melted mozzarella.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 1/4 inch thick)
– 1 cup all-purpose flour
– 2 cups breadcrumbs
– 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 2 tablespoons olive oil
– 6 slices prosciutto, chopped
– 8 ounces fresh mozzarella, sliced
– 2 cloves garlic, minced
– 1/4 cup fresh basil leaves, chopped
– Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C).
2. In a shallow dish, mix together flour, breadcrumbs, and Parmesan cheese.
3. Dip each veal cutlet in the flour mixture, coating both sides evenly.
4. Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook veal for 2-3 minutes per side, or until cooked through.
5. Transfer veal to a baking dish. Top with prosciutto, mozzarella, and garlic.
6. Sprinkle basil leaves on top and season with salt and pepper.
7. Bake for 15-20 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Cooking Time: 25-30 minutes
Veal Parmesan Sliders with Garlic Aioli
Get ready to elevate your slider game with these bite-sized Veal Parmesan masterpieces, served with a rich and creamy garlic aioli for dipping.
Ingredients:
– 1 pound veal cutlets
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– 1/4 cup marinara sauce
– 12 slider buns
– Garlic aioli ingredients (see below)
Garlic Aioli:
– 1/2 cup mayonnaise
– 3 cloves garlic, minced
– 1 tablespoon lemon juice
– Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Prepare veal cutlets by pounding thin, then dipping in beaten egg and coating with breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
3. Fry veal cutlets in a skillet until golden brown, about 3-4 minutes per side.
4. Assemble sliders by placing cooked veal on slider buns, topping with marinara sauce.
5. Serve with garlic aioli for dipping.
Cooking Time: 15-20 minutes
Spicy Veal Parmesan with Calabrian Peppers
Elevate your veal parmesan game with the bold heat of Calabrian peppers! This spicy twist on a classic Italian-American dish will leave you wanting more.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 1/2 pound each)
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 2 tablespoons olive oil
– 2 Calabrian peppers, sliced
– 2 cloves garlic, minced
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Marinara sauce for serving
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C).
2. Season veal cutlets with salt and pepper.
3. Dip each veal cutlet in beaten eggs and then coat with breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
4. Heat olive oil in a skillet over medium-high heat. Cook veal for 2-3 minutes per side, or until golden brown.
5. Transfer veal to a baking dish and top each cutlet with sliced Calabrian peppers and minced garlic.
6. Bake for 10-12 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
7. Serve with marinara sauce.
Cooking Time: 15-18 minutes
Veal Parmesan Stuffed Shells
Elevate your pasta game with this creamy Veal Parmesan Stuffed Shells recipe, perfect for a special occasion or family dinner.
Ingredients:
– 12 jumbo pasta shells
– 1 pound veal scallopini, pounded thin
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– 1 tablespoon olive oil
– 1 cup marinara sauce
– 1 cup ricotta cheese
– 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
– Salt and pepper to taste
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Cook pasta shells according to package instructions; set aside.
3. In a shallow dish, mix breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese.
4. Dip veal scallopini in beaten egg, then coat with breadcrumb mixture.
5. Stuff each cooked pasta shell with a slice of veal, then top with marinara sauce and ricotta cheese.
6. Sprinkle mozzarella cheese on top; season with salt and pepper to taste.
7. Bake for 20-25 minutes or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Cooking Time: 20-25 minutes
Veal Parmesan Meatballs in Tomato Sauce
Elevate your pasta game with these tender veal meatballs smothered in a rich tomato sauce, perfect for a cozy dinner or special occasion.
Ingredients:
– 1 pound ground veal
– 1/2 cup breadcrumbs
– 1 egg
– 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1/4 cup chopped fresh parsley
– Salt and pepper to taste
– 1 cup tomato sauce (homemade or store-bought)
– Fresh basil leaves for garnish
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C).
2. In a large mixing bowl, combine veal, breadcrumbs, egg, Parmesan cheese, parsley, salt, and pepper. Mix until just combined.
3. Form into small meatballs (about 1 1/2 inches in diameter). Place on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper.
4. Bake for 12-15 minutes or until cooked through.
5. While the meatballs are cooking, heat the tomato sauce over medium-low heat.
6. Remove the meatballs from the oven and carefully place them into the tomato sauce. Simmer for an additional 5-7 minutes to coat.
7. Serve hot, garnished with fresh basil leaves.
Cooking Time: 20-25 minutes
Grilled Veal Parmesan with Smoked Provolone
Elevate your comfort food game with this mouthwatering dish, featuring tender veal topped with creamy smoked provolone and crispy breadcrumbs.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 6 oz each)
– 1 cup all-purpose flour
– 1 tsp paprika
– 1/2 tsp garlic powder
– Salt and pepper, to taste
– 2 cups breadcrumbs
– 1 cup grated smoked provolone cheese
– 2 tbsp olive oil
– Fresh parsley, chopped (optional)
Instructions:
1. Preheat grill or grill pan to medium-high heat.
2. Season veal with flour mixture, paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
3. Grill veal for 4-5 minutes per side, or until cooked through.
4. Meanwhile, melt 1 tbsp olive oil in a skillet over medium heat. Add breadcrumbs and cook, stirring frequently, until golden brown (about 2-3 minutes).
5. Assemble the dish by placing grilled veal on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper, topping each cutlet with smoked provolone cheese, and finishing with breadcrumb mixture.
6. Bake in a preheated oven at 400°F for 5-7 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Cooking Time: About 20-25 minutes total.
Veal Parmesan Sandwich with Garlic Bread
A flavorful Italian-inspired sandwich that combines tender veal cutlets, melted mozzarella cheese, and tangy marinara sauce, served with a side of crispy garlic bread.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Marinara sauce, for serving
– Mozzarella cheese, sliced
– Garlic bread (recipe below)
Veal Parmesan Sandwich:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Pound veal cutlets to 1/4 inch thickness.
3. Dip each cutlet in egg, then coat with breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
4. Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat; cook veal for 2-3 minutes on each side or until cooked through.
5. Assemble sandwiches by placing cooked veal on a bun, topping with marinara sauce and mozzarella cheese.
Garlic Bread:
1. Preheat oven to 350°F.
2. Slice Italian bread into 1-inch thick slices.
3. Mix minced garlic with softened butter; spread on bread slices.
4. Sprinkle with salt and pepper to taste.
5. Bake for 8-10 minutes or until golden brown.
Cooking Time: 20-25 minutes
Veal Parmesan Lasagna Roll-Ups
This Italian-inspired dish combines the flavors of veal, parmesan, and lasagna into a unique and delicious roll-up. Perfect for a special occasion or family dinner.
Ingredients:
– 1 pound veal scallopini, sliced thin
– 8-10 lasagna noodles
– 2 cups marinara sauce
– 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
– 1/4 cup grated parmesan cheese
– 1 tablespoon olive oil
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh parsley, chopped (optional)
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Cook lasagna noodles according to package instructions. Drain and set aside.
3. In a large skillet, cook veal scallopini in olive oil until browned. Add marinara sauce and simmer for 5 minutes.
4. In a separate bowl, combine mozzarella and parmesan cheese.
5. To assemble the roll-ups, lay a cooked lasagna noodle flat on a work surface. Place a few slices of veal mixture down the center of the noodle, leaving a 1-inch border at each end.
6. Sprinkle some cheese over the veal, then roll up the noodle tightly. Repeat with remaining noodles and filling.
7. Place rolled-up lasagna on a baking sheet lined with parchment paper, seam-side down.
8. Bake for 20-25 minutes or until golden brown. Serve hot, garnished with chopped parsley if desired.
Cooking Time: 20-25 minutes
Air Fryer Veal Parmesan Bites
Savor the flavors of Italy with these crispy and savory veal parmesan bites, cooked to perfection in your air fryer.
Ingredients:
– 1 pound veal cutlets, sliced into bite-sized pieces
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– 1 tablespoon olive oil
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh parsley, chopped (optional)
Instructions:
1. Preheat the air fryer to 375°F.
2. In a shallow dish, mix together breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese.
3. Dip each veal piece into the beaten egg, then coat in breadcrumb mixture, pressing gently to adhere.
4. Place coated veal pieces in a single layer in the air fryer basket.
5. Drizzle with olive oil and season with salt and pepper.
6. Cook for 8-10 minutes, shaking halfway through.
7. Garnish with chopped parsley, if desired.
Cooking Time: 8-10 minutes
Veal Parmesan with Creamy Polenta
A classic Italian-American dish gets a rich and creamy twist with this Veal Parmesan with Creamy Polenta recipe. Tender veal cutlets are breaded and fried, then topped with marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese, served alongside a comforting side of creamy polenta.
Ingredients:
For the Veal Parmesan:
– 4 veal cutlets
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg
– 1 cup all-purpose flour
– Salt and pepper
– Vegetable oil for frying
– Marinara sauce
– Mozzarella cheese, shredded
For the Creamy Polenta:
– 1 cup polenta cornmeal
– 4 cups water
– 2 tablespoons unsalted butter
– 1/2 cup heavy cream
– Salt to taste
Instructions:
1. Prepare polenta according to package instructions.
2. Dip veal cutlets in flour, then egg, and finally breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
3. Fry veal cutlets in hot oil until golden brown; drain on paper towels.
4. Top veal cutlets with marinara sauce and melted mozzarella cheese.
5. Serve with creamy polenta and enjoy!
Cooking Time: 20-25 minutes
Veal Parmesan Pizza with Fresh Oregano
Experience the classic Italian-American flavors of veal parmesan on a crispy pizza crust, elevated by the brightness of fresh oregano. This recipe combines tender veal cutlets, melted mozzarella cheese, and tangy tomato sauce for a satisfying meal.
Ingredients:
– 1 lb pizza dough
– 4 oz veal cutlets, pounded thin
– 1 cup marinara sauce
– 8 oz fresh mozzarella cheese, sliced
– 2 tbsp olive oil
– 2 tsp garlic powder
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh oregano leaves for garnish
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C).
2. Roll out pizza dough to desired thickness.
3. Top with marinara sauce, leaving a small border around the edges.
4. Add veal cutlets on top of the sauce.
5. Sprinkle mozzarella cheese and drizzle with olive oil.
6. Season with garlic powder, salt, and pepper.
7. Bake for 15-20 minutes or until crust is golden brown and veal is cooked through.
8. Garnish with fresh oregano leaves before serving.
Cooking Time: 15-20 minutes
Veal Parmesan Pasta Bake
Elevate your pasta game with this creamy Veal Parmesan Pasta Bake, featuring tender veal cutlets, rich tomato sauce, and melted mozzarella cheese.
Ingredients:
– 8 oz. pasta of choice (e.g., penne or rigatoni)
– 4 veal cutlets, pounded thin
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1/4 cup olive oil
– 1 can (28 oz.) crushed tomatoes
– 1 tsp. dried basil
– 1 tsp. dried oregano
– Salt and pepper to taste
– 8 oz. mozzarella cheese, shredded
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Cook pasta according to package instructions; set aside.
3. Dredge veal cutlets in breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese; fry in olive oil until cooked through.
4. In a separate pan, heat crushed tomatoes with basil and oregano. Simmer for 5-7 minutes or until thickened.
5. In a large baking dish, combine cooked pasta, veal cutlets, and tomato sauce. Top with shredded mozzarella cheese.
6. Bake for 20-25 minutes or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Cooking Time: 35-40 minutes
Veal Parmesan with Roasted Garlic Sauce
Elevate your Italian-inspired meal with this rich and flavorful Veal Parmesan recipe, complemented by a creamy roasted garlic sauce.
Ingredients:
– 4 veal cutlets (about 6 oz each)
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– 1 cup marinara sauce
– 8 slices mozzarella cheese
– Fresh parsley, chopped
– Roasted garlic sauce (recipe below)
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Pound veal cutlets to 1/4-inch thickness.
3. Dip each cutlet in beaten egg and then coat with breadcrumbs mixed with Parmesan cheese.
4. Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook veal for 2-3 minutes per side, or until cooked through. Transfer to baking dish.
5. Spoon marinara sauce over veal, followed by mozzarella cheese.
6. Bake for 10-12 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
Roasted Garlic Sauce:
– 4 cloves garlic, roasted (see note)
– 1/2 cup heavy cream
– 2 tbsp butter
– Salt and pepper to taste
Combine roasted garlic, heavy cream, butter, salt, and pepper in a blender. Blend until smooth. Serve over Veal Parmesan.
Cooking Time: About 25-30 minutes.
Veal Parmesan Risotto with Parmesan Crisps
This classic Italian-inspired dish combines the tender flavors of veal parmesan with a rich and creamy risotto, finished off with a crunchy Parmesan crisp topping.
Ingredients:
– 1 cup Arborio rice
– 4 cups vegetable broth, warmed
– 2 tablespoons olive oil
– 1/2 pound veal scallopini, pounded thin
– 1 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh parsley, chopped (optional)
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese (for crisps)
Instructions:
1. Cook Arborio rice according to package instructions.
2. In a separate pan, cook veal scallopini in olive oil until golden brown. Season with salt and pepper.
3. In a large skillet, combine cooked risotto, warmed broth, and grated Parmesan cheese. Stir until creamy.
4. Add beaten egg to the risotto mixture; stir until fully incorporated.
5. Top veal cutlets with risotto mixture and bake at 375°F (190°C) for 15-20 minutes or until golden brown.
6. Meanwhile, sprinkle grated Parmesan cheese on a baking sheet and bake at 350°F (175°C) for 5-7 minutes or until crispy.
7. Serve veal parmesan with risotto and Parmesan crisps. Garnish with chopped parsley, if desired.
Cooking Time: Approximately 30-40 minutes
Veal Parmesan Flatbread with Arugula
Elevate your flatbread game with this creative twist on the classic Italian-American dish. Tender veal, crispy breading, and creamy melted mozzarella come together with peppery arugula for a flavorful and refreshing meal.
Ingredients:
– 1 package of flatbread
– 1 pound veal cutlets, pounded thin
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 2 tablespoons olive oil
– 1 egg, beaten
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh arugula leaves for garnish
– Mozzarella cheese, sliced
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C).
2. In a shallow dish, whisk together breadcrumbs and Parmesan.
3. Dip veal cutlets in beaten egg, then coat in breadcrumb mixture, pressing gently to adhere.
4. Heat olive oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook veal for 2-3 minutes per side, or until cooked through.
5. Transfer veal to a baking sheet and top with sliced mozzarella cheese.
6. Bake for an additional 2-3 minutes, or until cheese is melted and bubbly.
7. Meanwhile, toast flatbread and top with arugula leaves.
8. Assemble the dish by placing veal on flatbread and serving immediately.
Cooking Time: Approximately 15-20 minutes
Veal Parmesan Tacos with Avocado Crema
Elevate your taco game with this unique fusion of Italian and Mexican flavors. Thinly sliced veal, crispy breadcrumbs, and melted mozzarella cheese meet tender tacos shells and a creamy avocado crema.
Ingredients:
– 1 lb veal cutlets, pounded thin
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated Parmesan cheese
– 1 egg, beaten
– Salt and pepper, to taste
– Vegetable oil, for cooking
– Taco shells (corn or flour)
– Avocado crema (see below)
– Fresh cilantro leaves, for garnish
Instructions:
1. Season veal with salt and pepper.
2. In a shallow dish, mix breadcrumbs and Parmesan cheese.
3. Dip veal in egg, then coat with breadcrumb mixture.
4. Heat 1-2 tablespoons vegetable oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat. Cook veal for 2-3 minutes per side, or until cooked through.
5. Warm taco shells according to package instructions.
6. Assemble tacos by placing veal slices onto shells and topping with melted mozzarella cheese (about 30 seconds).
7. Serve with avocado crema and garnish with cilantro leaves.
Avocado Crema:
– 3 ripe avocados, mashed
– 1/2 cup sour cream
– 1 tablespoon lime juice
– Salt and pepper, to taste
Combine ingredients in a bowl and mix until smooth.
Veal Parmesan Casserole with Three Cheeses
A classic Italian-American dish gets a cheesy twist in this Veal Parmesan Casserole, packed with tender veal, marinara sauce, and a blend of mozzarella, parmesan, and ricotta cheese.
Ingredients:
– 1 pound veal cutlets, pounded thin
– 1 cup breadcrumbs
– 1/2 cup grated mozzarella cheese
– 1/4 cup grated parmesan cheese
– 1/4 cup ricotta cheese
– 1 cup marinara sauce
– 1 egg, beaten
– Salt and pepper to taste
– Fresh parsley, chopped (optional)
Instructions:
1. Preheat oven to 375°F.
2. Season veal cutlets with salt and pepper. Dip each cutlet in beaten egg and then coat with breadcrumbs.
3. In a 9×13-inch baking dish, spread half of the marinara sauce on the bottom.
4. Arrange breaded veal cutlets on top of the sauce.
5. Sprinkle mozzarella, parmesan, and ricotta cheese evenly over the veal.
6. Top with remaining marinara sauce.
7. Bake for 25-30 minutes or until golden brown and bubbly.
Summary
Veal Parmesan lovers rejoice! This article brings together 20 mouth-watering recipes to satisfy your cravings. From classic veal parmesan with melted mozzarella to innovative twists like spicy veal parmesan with Calabrian peppers and veal parmesan tacos with avocado crema, there’s something for every occasion. Get ready to impress your family and friends with these delicious and easy-to-make recipes.
